Resources for Parents
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
ADHD is one of the most common neuro-developmental disorders. Recent data indicates that up to 8 - 10% of school age children meet the necessary criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD ( Academy of Pediatrics, 2011).
Inattentive
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/inattentiv.jpg)
Child exhibits significant inattention across multiple domains with no significant hyperactivity or impulsivity. This is what used to be considered ADD.
Hyperactivity
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/hyperactivity.jpg)
Child exhibits adequate attentional control; but has Hyperactivity and Impulsivity.
Combined
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/combined.jpg)
The most common form of ADHD in which the child is inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive.
Population that has ADHD
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/adhd-population.jpg)
ADHD is more common in males than in females. According to community and pediatrician surveys, the rate between males and females is 2:1.
Inattention
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/inattention.jpg)
- Often makes mistakes in schoolwork.
- Often has trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities.
- Often does not seem to listen when spoken to.
- Often does not follow through instructions and fails to finish schoolwork.
- Often has trouble organizing activities.
- Often avoids, dislikes, or doesn't want to do things that take a lot of mental efforts for a long period of time.
- Often loses things needed for tasks and activities (e.g. toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools.)
- Is easily distracted.
- Is often forgetful in daily activities.
Hyperactivity
- Fidgets and squirms when sitting still is expected.
- Often gets up from seat when remaining in seat is expected.
- Often excessively runs about or climbs when and where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may feel very restless)
- Often has trouble playing or doing leisure activities quietly.
- Is often "on the go" or often acts as if "driven by a motor".
- Often talks excessively.
Impulsivity
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/impusivity.jpg)
- Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished.
- Often has trouble waiting one's turn.
- Often interrupts or intrudes on others.
- Often unable to keep powerful emotions on check, resulting in angry outbursts or temper tantrums.
How symptoms affect a child
at Home
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/at-home.jpg)
- Difficulty following morning routines.
- Increase in frequency of arguments with parents/siblings.
- Difficulty completing homework and daily chores.
- Messy/disorganized room.
School
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/at-school.jpg)
- Difficulty remaining seated in class.
- Difficulty completing work in a timely fashion.
- Difficulty organizing materials
Social
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/at-social.jpg)
- Difficulty regulating behavior on the playground.
- Trouble interacting with peers.
- Difficulty waiting turns during games or in social conversations.
Treatment
Speech Therapy
- Assess child's speech, language and communication skills.
- Analyze the child's learning style and provide best support for facilitating learning.
- Design an individualized treatment plan tailored to child's specific language needs.
- Implement best strategies to support the child's listening, organizing, planning, social communication and study skills.
Occupational Therapy
- Focuses on improving sitting tolerance, focus, attention and concentration
- Aids in Self regulation
- Helps in task completion without distraction
- Enhances handwriting skills
- Activities for channelling out anger & aggression
Pharmacological
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/pharamachological.jpg)
- Research indicates that pharmacological treatment is the treatment of choice for ADHD.
- Focus is on improving attention and behavioral regulation.
Behavioral Therapy
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/behavioural.jpg)
- Behavioral regulation strategies to improve the frequency and duration of positive, on-task behaviors.
- Establish a reinforcement schedule.
- Modify the environment to focus on the child's strengths and areas of concern.
Parent/Teacher
![ADHD Inattentive - prayatna](images/parent-teacher.jpg)
- Work with parents to establish realistic expectations regarding behavioural management and task completion.
- Help identify that the child struggles with attentional regulation and executive functioning in clinical terms.
- Simplify the schedules and establish a structure at home and stick to it.
- Teach the child on how to make friends and improve social skills.
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